The study done by ( Spielberger,1972) defines anxiety as “an unpleasant emotional state or condition characterized by subjective feelings of tension, apprehension and worry and activation of arousal of the autonomic nervous system.” This definition above explains generalised anxiety and social anxiety is a type of anxiety. Social anxiety as defined by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America is “intense anxiety or fear of being judged, negatively evaluated or rejected in a social or performance situation.”
Review of Literature
1.Social Anxiety and Self Presentation: A conceptualisation model by Schlenker, Barry R, Leary, Mark R. (1982)
- “This study proposes that social anxiety arises when individuals are motivated to make a preferred impression on real or imagined audiences but perceive or imagine unsatisfactory evaluative reactions from subjectively important audiences.”
2.Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social anxiety disorders Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (2007)
- “Social anxiety disorder occurs in children, adolescents and adults, but its manifestation and treatment differ depending on developmental factors.”
3.Cognitive factors that Maintain Social Anxiety Disorder: A Comprehensive Model and it’s treatment implications- Stefan G. Hoffman ( 2007 )
- “Social Anxiety Disorder ( SAD ) is a common, distressing and persistent mental illness. This model assumes that social apprehension is associated with unrealistic social standards and a deficiency in selecting attainable social goals. When confronted with challenging social situations, individuals with SAD shift their attention towards their anxiety, view themselves negatively as a social object, overestimate the negative consequences of a social encounter, believe that they have little control over their emotional response, and view their social skills as inadequate to effectively cope with their situation.”
4.Cognitive Components of Social Anxiety: An Investigation of the Integration of Self Presentation Theory and Self-Efficiency Theory – James E. Maddux, Larry W. Norton, Mark R. Leary ( 1988 )
- “The result of this study suggests firstly, social anxiety is related to low expectations regarding one’s ability to execute certain self-presentational behaviours and secondly that, socially anxious people may be characterized by pessimistic view of interactions in which others are not expected to respond favourably even when one’s behaviour is appropriate and successfully executed.”
5.Clinical Psychology Review, Volume 9, Issue 1,- New theoretical conceptions of Social Anxiety and Social Phobia- Peter Trower, Paul Gilbert ( 1989 )
- “It is argued in this paper that social anxiety arises from the activation of an evolved mechanism for dealing with intraspecies threat, a mechanism which has played a vital role in the evolution of social groups.”
6.Social Anxiety Edition 3, Clinical, Developmental and Social Perspectives. Chapter 20- Social Anxiety as an Early Warning System: A Refinement and Extension of the Self Presentation Theory of Social Anxiety- Mark R. Leary and Katrina P. Jomgman Sereno ( 2014 )
- Describes a …….
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